Also known as New Zealand Flax · 37 saves
Phormium
Phormium, the genus most gardeners know as new zealand flax. We track 5 varieties; the ones most used by real gardeners.
The 5 most-saved Phormium varieties
Species of Phormium
Each one is a parent of the varieties above.
Track your Phormium in Sow
Save the Phormium you grow and get care reminders timed to your zone.
How to grow Phormium
Whats common across all Phormium varieties in our catalog — drawn from the care records of the 5 most-grown of them.
The Phormium year
- DivideMarch, April and September100% of varieties
Divide large, overcrowded clumps every 5-10 years.
- Spring CleanupFebruary and March80% of varieties
Remove any brown or winter-damaged foliage near the base.
- Winter PrepOctober and November60% of varieties
In Zone 7, mulch heavily around the crown for winter protection.
- PruneFebruary40% of varieties
Cut out old, dead, or damaged leaves at the base to tidy the clump.
- FertilizeMarch40% of varieties
Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring.
- MulchApril40% of varieties
Apply mulch around the base to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Do
- Prune dead leaves to maintain shape
- Water during dry spells 🌱
- Feed with balanced fertilizer in spring
- Water deeply during dry spells 🌱
- Prune to shape and remove dead leaves
Avoid
- Avoid overwatering in winter ❌
- Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot ❌
- Overwater to avoid root rot ❌
- Plant in heavy clay without amendments ❌
What goes wrong with Phormium
| Problem | What you'll see | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Mealybugs | White cottony masses on leaves | Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil |
| Scale insects | Sticky residue and yellowing leaves | Use horticultural oil or insecticidal soap |
| Root rot | Wilting and blackened roots | Improve drainage and reduce watering |
Making more Phormium
Division
- Dig up mature clump in early spring.
- Divide into sections using a sharp knife or spade.
- Plant divisions immediately in prepared soil.
- Water thoroughly and mulch to retain moisture.
Seed
- Collect seeds from mature plants in late summer
- Sow seeds in a well-draining seed-starting mix
- Keep soil moist and place in bright, indirect light
- Germination occurs in 4-6 weeks
Phormium questions
How many types of Phormium are there?
The Sow catalog tracks 5 distinct Phormium varieties. The most popular — ranked by 37 real gardeners — are shown first above.
What zones does Phormium grow in?
Across its varieties, Phormium covers USDA Zones 7–10. Individual varieties differ — each plant page lists its exact range, and Sow filters the catalog to your zone automatically.
When does Phormium bloom?
Most Phormium varieties bloom in late summer, summer. Staggering early, mid, and late varieties extends the genus's season in one bed.
Which Phormium should I choose?
Start from the most-saved varieties above — popularity across thousands of gardens is a strong signal of reliability — then filter by your zone and sun. In the Sow app you can preview any of them in a photo of your actual yard before you buy.