treeN. America Native

Black Willow

Salix nigra

Not currently listed at our partner nurseries.

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Essentials

At a Glance

Plant Type

Tree

Height

480 inches

Width

480 inches

Light

Full Sun

Zones

4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Water

High

Humidity

High

Lifespan

Short-lived for a tree (30-50 years)

Native To

Eastern North America

Toxicity

Non-toxic, bark contains salicin (aspirin precursor)

The Story

Plant Bio

Black willow is a fast-growing, medium to large deciduous tree native to North America, typically found along streams and in wet areas. It has a broad, rounded crown, dark fissured bark, and long, narrow leaves. As a species plant, its key feature is its adaptability to wet soils and its role as a keystone species in riparian ecosystems, providing food and habitat for numerous insects and birds.

Bloom Period:

EarlyLate

Uses & Benefits:

Valued in naturalistic landscapes for its graceful, often multi-trunked form, fine-textured foliage, and early spring catkins. The dark, deeply fissured bark on mature trees provides rugged winter interest.

Its fast-growing, fibrous root system makes it one of the best trees for bioengineering, stabilizing stream banks, and controlling erosion in riparian areas. The wood is lightweight and used for various purposes.

A keystone species of immense value. It is a host plant for numerous butterflies and moths, including the Mourning Cloak and Viceroy. The early spring catkins provide a critical first food source for native bees. It provides habitat and food for many birds and other wildlife.

Marketplace

Where to Buy

We couldn't find this plant listed online right now.

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Planting

How to Grow

Select a site in full sun with consistently moist or wet soil.
This tree is not suitable for average garden conditions.
Dig a hole wide enough to accommodate the roots.
Place the tree in the hole and backfill with native soil.
Water deeply; this tree cannot be overwatered.
Do not allow the soil to dry out, especially during establishment.

Pro Tip

For easy propagation, simply push a 1-2 foot long dormant branch cutting halfway into moist soil in early spring.

Keep It Thriving

Care Guide

Do

Provide a location with constant moisture, like a pond edge or rain garden.
Plant in full sun for best growth.
Allow plenty of space for its wide, spreading habit.
Prune to remove dead or weak wood, as branches can be brittle.

Don't

Do not plant in dry soil or upland sites.
Avoid planting near septic systems or water lines, as roots are water-seeking.
Don't plant in small yards; it becomes a large tree quickly.
Avoid planting in high-traffic areas due to potential for falling branches.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Task	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Plant
Propagate
Prune

Watch Out For

Pests & Diseases

Common Pests

Common Diseases

In the Garden

Landscape Uses & Companions

Landscape Uses

Naturalizing in wet meadows or low spotsEffective erosion control for stream banksFast-growing screen in moist areas

Companion Plants

Cornus sericea Cephalanthus occidentalis Asclepias incarnata Sambucus canadensis Hibiscus moscheutos

Multiply

Propagation Methods

Good to Know

Common Questions

Black Willow questions

What zones can Black Willow grow in?

Black Willow is hardy in USDA Zones 4–8. Inside that range it survives winter in the ground; outside it, grow it as an annual or a container plant you protect.

Is Black Willow deer resistant?

Yes — Black Willow is rated deer-resistant. Deer typically pass it over, though extreme hunger can override any plant's defenses.

When does Black Willow bloom?

Black Willow typically blooms in early spring through mid-spring. Exact timing shifts a week or two with your zone — Sow's bloom calendar maps it to your garden.

Does Black Willow need full sun?

Black Willow does best in full sun (6+ hours).