perennialN. America Native

Canna

Canna x generalis

The Story

Plant Bio

Canna x generalis, the garden canna, is a rhizomatous perennial grown for bold paddle-shaped leaves eighteen to thirty-six inches long and spikes of large lipped flowers in red, orange, yellow and pink. It reaches two to six feet in a season, and the hybrid group draws on species native to Florida and the American tropics as well as South America.

Buy rhizomes from a reputable source and discard any plant whose leaves emerge streaked or mottled: canna yellow mottle and yellow streak viruses are widespread in the trade, pass through infected rhizomes and divisions, and cannot be cured. Rolled and chewed leaves are a different thing entirely — those hold Brazilian skipper caterpillars, which use canna as their larval host.

Uses & Benefits:

Ornamental UsesTropical-scale foliage and large flowers over a long summer, in some cultivars with bronze or striped leaves.
Practical UsesOne of the fastest ways to build height and mass in a single season, in beds, pots or shallow water.
Ecological BenefitsBees and hummingbirds take nectar from the flowers, and the plant is the larval host of the Brazilian skipper.

Essentials

At a Glance

Plant Type

Perennial

Height

51 inches

Width

24 inches

Light

Full Sun, Partial Sun

Zones

7, 8, 9, 10

Water

High

Humidity

Moderate

Lifespan

Perennial

Native To

Hybrid group; parent species from Florida through South America

Toxicity

Non-toxic

Planting

How to Grow

  1. Plant rhizomes after the last frost in full sun.
  2. Give it rich soil that stays reliably moist.
  3. Water generously through the growing season.
  4. Feed monthly for the biggest leaves and flowers.
  5. Cut spent flower spikes to keep new ones coming.
  6. Lift and store the rhizomes over winter below zone 7.

Pro Tip

Cannas take standing water happily, so a canna in a pot with no drainage hole makes a reliable container pond plant.

Keep It Thriving

Care Guide

Do

  • Plant in full sun in rich, moist soil ☀️
  • Water generously all summer 💧
  • Cut spent flower spikes to the next bud ✂️
  • Lift rhizomes before hard frost in cold zones 🧤

Don't

  • Plant virus-streaked rhizomes or divisions ❌
  • Let the soil dry out in high summer ❌
  • Leave rhizomes in frozen ground below zone 7 ❌

Seasonal Care Calendar

TaskJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Lift
Plant

Watch Out For

Pests & Diseases

Common Pests

Common Diseases

In the Garden

Landscape Uses & Companions

Landscape Uses

Bold summer focal point in a borderPond margin and bog plantingLarge containers on a sunny terrace

Companion Plants

Elephant Ear DahliaSalviaBanana Sweet Potato Vine

Multiply

Propagation Methods

Good to Know

Common Questions

Canna questions

What zones can Canna grow in?

Canna is hardy in USDA Zones 7–10. Inside that range it survives winter in the ground; outside it, grow it as an annual or a container plant you protect.

Is Canna deer resistant?

Not reliably. Deer may browse Canna, especially tender spring growth — plan on repellents or fencing where pressure is high.

When does Canna bloom?

Canna typically blooms in summer through late summer. Exact timing shifts a week or two with your zone — Sow's bloom calendar maps it to your garden.

Does Canna need full sun?

Canna does best in full sun to part shade. In hot climates, afternoon shade keeps blooms fresher longer.

Keep exploring

Grow Canna with confidence

See it in a design of your actual yard, get zone-matched care reminders, and track it season by season in your garden journal.